Premios Pulitzer

Joseph Pulitzer (10 de abril de 1847 – 29 de octubre de 1911) fue un editor estadounidense de origen judío que originó la llamada "prensa amarilla". Se puede considerar un pionero del "infotaiment", esa mezcla de información y entretenimiento en la que los periódicos no han dejado de profundizar desde entonces.

Se ha dado su nombre a unos importantes premios periodísticos anuales que se entregan en torno al mes de Abril. En su testamento, Joseph Pulitzer llamó a la creación de este premio con el objetivo de estimular la excelencia. Pulitzer enumeró en ese texto sólo trece premios: cuatro para el periodismo, la literatura y el teatro más uno para la educación. Sensible a los cambios de su época, Pulitzer previó, no obstante, la constitución de una comisión de vigilancia consultiva con el poder de reemplazar ciertos temas, siempre que la comisión juzgase que sería beneficioso para el público. Pulitzer otorgó a la comisión el derecho de no otorgar un premio si ninguna obra corresponde a los criterios de excelencia del jurado. Conforme a la voluntad de Pulitzer, es el presidente de la Universidad de Columbia quien anuncia y otorga los premios según recomendación del jurado. Pero en realidad, la comisión es independiente y decide sola la atribución.

Son una serie de 21 galardones que abarcan periodismo, literatura y composición musical, considerados como la más alta distinción para las obras publicadas en los Estados Unidos, reservada a la lengua inglesa. La primera entrega de los premios fue el 4 de Junio de 1917 y el premio a la mejor fotografía de prensa se concedió por primera vez en 1942.

La relación de los premios fotograficos hasta el 2013 es la siguiente:

• 1942 Milton Brooks, Detroit News for photo "Ford Strikers Riot."
• 1943 Frank Noel, Associated Press, for photo "Water!"
• 1944 (two winners) Earle L. Bunker, World-Herald (Omaha) for photo "Homecoming." Frank Filan, Associated Press, for photo "Tarawa Island."
• 1945 Joe Rosenthal, Associated Press, for photograph of U.S. Marines planting the American f lag on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima.
• 1946 (No Award)
• 1947 Arnold Hardy, amateur photographer, Atlanta, Georgia, for photo of girl leaping to death in hotel fire, distributed by the Associated Press.
• 1948 Frank Cushing, Boston Traveler, for photo "Boy Gunman and Hostage."
• 1949 Nathaniel Fein, New York Herald-Tribune, for photo "Babe Ruth Bows Out." 
• 1950 Bill Crouch, Oakland Tribute, for picture "Near Collision at Air Show."
• 1951 Max Desfor, Associated Press, for photographic coverage of the Korean War.
• 1952 John R. Robinson and Donald T. Ultang, Des Moines Register and Tribune, for their sequence of six photos of the Drake vs. Oklahoma A&M football game.
• 1953 William M. Gallagher, Flint Journal (Michigan), for photo of ex-Governor Adlai E. Stevenson during the 1952 presidential campaign.
• 1954 Virginia Schau, amateur photographer, San Anselmo, California, for photograph of thrilling rescue in California, published in the Akron Beacon Journal and nationally distributed by the Associated Press.
• 1955 John L. Gaunt Jr., Los Angeles Times, for photo "Tragedy by the Sea," showing a young couple standing together only a few minutes after their year-old son had perished.
• 1956 Staff of New York Daily News, for its consistently excellent news photo coverage in 1955.
• 1957 Harry A. Trask, Boston Traveler, for an outstanding photographic sequence of the sinking of the liner Andrea Doria.
• 1958 William C. Beall, Washington Daily News, for "Faith and Confidence," showing a policeman talking with two-year-old boy trying to cross a street during a parade.
• 1959 William Seaman, Minneapolis Star, for dramatic photograph of the sudden death of a child in the street.
• 1960 Andrew Lopez, United Press International, for series of four photographs of a member of Dictator Batista's army who was executed by a Castro firing squad.
• 1961 Yasushi Nagao, Mainichi, Tokyo, for photograph "Tokyo Stabbing," distributed by United Press International.
• 1962 Paul Vathis, Associated Press (Harrisburg, Penn. bureau), for "Serious Steps."
• 1963 Hector Rondon, La Republic (Caracas, Venezuela), for "Aid From The Padre" of a priest holding a wounded soldier in the 1962 Venezuelan insurrection. Distributed by the Associated Press.
• 1964 Robert H. Jackson, Dallas Times-Herald, for photograph of the murder of Lee Os wald by Jack Ruby.
• 1965 Horst Faas, Associated Press, for combat photography of the Vietnam War in 1964.
• 1966 Kyoichi Sawada, United Press International, for combat photography of the Vietnam War during 1965.
• 1967 Jack R. Thornell, Associated Press (New Orleans bureau), for photo of the shooting of James Meredith in Mississippi by a roadside rifleman.
• 1968 Spot News: Rocco Morabito, for "The Kiss of Life" depicting a power company lineman giving a colleague mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Feature: Toshio Sakai, United Press International, for Vietnam combat photograph "Dreams of Better Times."
• 1969 Spot News: Edward T. Adams, Associated Press, for "Saigon Execution." Feature: Moneta Sleet Jr., Ebony, for photograph of Martin Luther King Jr.'s widow and child, taken at King's funeral.
• 1970 Spot News: Steve Starr, Associated Press (Albany bureau, New York), for photo taken at Cornell University, "Campus Guns." Feature: Dallas Kinney, Palm Beach Post (West Palm Beach, Florida), for portfolio of pictures of Florida migrant workers, "Migration to Misery."
• 1971 Spot News: John Paul Filo, Valley Daily News and Daily Dispatch (Tarentum and New Kensington, Pennsylvania), for pictorial coverage of the Kent State University tragedy. Feature: Jack Dykinga, Chicago Sun-Times, for photographs at the Lincoln and Dixon State Schools for the Retarded in Illinois.
• 1972 Spot News: Horst Faas and Michel Laurent, Associated Press, for picture series "Death in Dacca." Feature: David Hume Kennerly, United Press International, for dramatic photographs of the Vietnam War during 1971.
• 1973 Spot News: Huynh Cong Ut, Associated Press, for "The Terror of War," depicting children in flight from a napalm bombing. Feature: Brian Lanker, Topeka Capital-Journal, for sequence on childbirth.
• 1974 Spot News: Anthony K. Roberts, free-lance photographer, for picture series "Fatal Hollywood Drama." Feature: Slava Veder, Associated Press, for photo of return of an American prisoner of war from cap tivity in North Vietnam.
• 1975 Spot News: Gerald H. Gay, Seattle Times, for photograph of four exhausted firemen, "Lull in the Battle." Feature: Matthew Lewis, Washington Post, for photographs in color and black and white.
• 1976 Spot News: Stanley J. Forman, Boston Herald American, for sequence of photographs of a fire in Boston. Feature: Staff photographers, Courier-Journal and Louisville Times, for comprehensive pictorial report on busing in Louisville's schools.
• 1977 Spot News: Stanley J. Forman, Associated Press, for "Soiling of Old Glory," showing a youth using t he flag as a lance in street disorders. Spot News: Neal Ulevich, Associated Press, for series of photographs of disorder and brutality in the streets of Bangkok. Feature: Robin Hood, Chattanooga News-Free Press, for photo of a disabled veteran and his child at an Armed Forces Day parade.
• 1978 Spot News: John H. Blair, special assignment photographer, United Press International, for photo of an Indianapolis broker being held hostage at gunpoint. Feature: J. Ross Baughman, Associated Press, for three photographs from guerrilla areas in Rhodesia.
• 1979 Spot News: Thomas J. Kelly III, Pottstown Mercury (Pennsylvania), for a series called "Tragedy on Sanatoga Road." Feature: Staff photographers, Boston Herald American, for coverage of the blizzard of 1978.
• 1980 Spot News: Unnamed photographer, United Press International, for "Firing Squad in Iran." Feature: Erwin H. Hagler, Dallas Times Herald, for a series on the Western cowboy.
• 1981 Spot News: Larry C. Price, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, for photos from Liberia. Feature: Taro M. Yamasaki, Detroit Free Press, for photos of Jackson State Prison in Michigan.
• 1982 Spot News: Ron Edmonds, Associated Press, for coverage of the Reagan assassination attempt. Feature: John H. White, Chicago Sun-Times, for consistently excellent work on a variety of subjects.
• 1983 Spot News: Bill Foley, Associated Press, for series of pictures of victims and survivors of the massacre in the Sabra camp in Beirut. Feature: James B. Dickman, Dallas Times Herald, for photos of life and death in El Salvador.
• 1984 Spot News: Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for series of unusual photographs that reveal the effects of war on the people of Lebanon. Feature: Anthony Suau, Denver Post, for series depicting the effects of starvation in Ethiopia and for a single photograph of a woman at her husband's gravesite on Memorial Day.
• 1985 Spot News: Photography staff, Orange County Register (Santa Ana, California), for their ex ceptional coverage of the Olympic games. Feature: Larry C. Price, Philadelphia Inquirer, for series of photos from Angola and El Salvador. Feature: Stan Grossfeld, Boston Globe, for series of photos of the famine in Ethiopia and of illegal aliens on the Mexican border.
• 1986 Spot News: Carol Guzy and Michel duCille, Miami Herald, for photos of the devastation caused by the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia. Feature: Tom Gralish, Philadelphia Inquirer, for series on Philadelphia's homeless.
• 1987 Spot News: Kim Komenich, San Francisco Examiner, for coverage of the fall of Ferdinand Marcos. Feature: David Peterson, Des Moines Register, for photos depicting the shattered dreams of American farmers.
• 1988 Spot News: Scott Shaw, Odessa American, for coverage of the child Jessica McClure's rescue from a well. Feature: Michel DuCille, Miami Herald, for portraying a housing project overrun by the drug crack.
• 1989 Spot News: Ron Olshwanger, free-lance photographer, for photo published in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch of a firefighter giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to a child pulled from a burning building. Feature: Manny Crisostomo, Detroit Free Press, for series depicting student life at Southwestern High School in Detroit.
• 1990 Spot News: Staff photographers, Oakland Tribune (California), for coverage of devastation caused by the Bay Area earthquake of in 1989. Feature: David C. Turnley, Detroit Free Press, for photos of political uprisings in China and Eastern Europe.
• 1991 Spot News: Greg Marinovich, Associated Press, for series on supporters of South Africa's African National Congress brutally murdering a man they believed to be a Zulu spy. Feature: William Snyder, Dallas Morning News, for photos of ill and orphaned children living in subhuman conditions in Romania.
• 1992 Spot News: Associated Press staff, for photos of the attempted coup in Russia and the subsequent collapse of the Communist regime. Feature: John Kaplan, Block Newspapers (Toledo, Ohio), for depicting the diverse lifestyles of seven twenty-one-year-olds across the United States.
• 1993 Spot News: Ken Geiger and William Snyder, Dallas Morning News, for coverage of the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Feature: Associated Press staff, for its portfolio of images drawn from the 1992 presidential campa ign.
• 1994 Spot News: Paul Watson, Toronto Star, for photograph of a U.S. soldier's body being dragged through the streets of Mogadishu by a mob of jeering Somalis. Feature: Kevin Carter, free-lance photographer, for a photo first published in the New York Times of a starving Sudanese girl who collapsed on her way to a feeding center while a vulture waited nearby.
• 1995 Spot News: Carol Guzy, Washington Post, for series illustrating the crisis in Haiti and its aftermath. Feature: Associated Press staff, for its portfolio of photos chronicling the horror and devastation in Rwanda.
• 1996 Spot News: Charles Porter IV, free-lance photographer, for haunting photos taken after the Oklahoma City bombing and distributed by the Associated Press, showing a one-year-old victim handed to and then cradle d by a local fireman. Feature: Stephanie Welsh, free-lance photographer, for sequence of photos published by Newhouse News Service of a female circumcision rite in Kenya.
• 1997 Spot News: Annie Wells, Press Democrat (Santa Rosa, California), for photo of a local firefighter rescuing a teenager from raging floodwaters. Feature: Alexander Zemlianichenko, Associated Press, for photo of Russian President Boris Yeltsin dancing at a rock concert during his campaign for re-election.
• 1998 Spot News: Martha Rial, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, for portraits of survivors of the conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi. Feature: Clarence J. Williams III, Los Angeles Times, for documenting the plight of young children with parents addicted to alcohol and drugs.
• 1999 Spot News: Associated Press staff, for its portfolio of images following the embassy bombing in Kenya and Tanzania. Feature: Associated Press staff, for coverage of President Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky and the ensuing impeachment hearings.
• 2000 Breaking/Spot News: Staff photographers, Rocky Mountain News (Denver, Colorado), for its collection of images taken after the student shootings at Columbine High School. Feature: Carol Guzy, Michael Williamson, and Lucian Perkins, Washington Post, for their poignant images depicting the plight of the Kosovo refugees.
• 2001 Breaking News: Alan Diaz, Associated Press, for photo of armed U.S. federal agents seizing the Cuba n boy Elián Gonzalez from his relatives' Miami home. Feature: Matt Rainey, Star-Ledger (Newark, New Jersey), for depicting the care and recovery of two students critically burned in a dormitory fire at Seton Hall University.
• 2002 Breaking News: Staff photographers, New York Times, for its consistently outstanding photo graphic coverage of the terrorist attack on New York City and its aftermath. Feature: Staff photographers, New York Times, for its photographs chronicling the pain and the perseverance of people enduring protracted conflict in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
• 2003 Breaking News: Staff photographers, Rocky Mountain News, for its powerful, imaginative coverage of Colorado's raging forest fires. Feature: Don Bartletti, Los Angeles Times, for memorable portrayal of how undocumented Central American youths, often facing deadly danger, travel north to the United States.
• 2004 Carolyn Cole Los Angeles Times. For her cohesive, behind-the-scenes look at the effects of civil war in Liberia, with special attention to innocent citizens caught in the conflict.
• 2005 Deanne Fitzmaurice San Francisco Chronicle. For her sensitive photo essay on an Oakland hospital's effort to mend an Iraqi boy nearly killed by an explosion.
• 2006 Todd Heisler Rocky Mountain News, Denver. For his haunting, behind-the-scenes look at funerals for Colorado Marines who return from Iraq in caskets.
• 2007 Renée C. Byer The Sacramento Bee. For her intimate portrayal of a single mother and her young son as he loses his battle with cancer.
• 2008 Preston Gannaway Concord (NH) Monitor. For her intimate chronicle of a family coping with a parent's terminal illness.
• 2009 Damon Winter The New York Times. For his memorable array of pictures deftly capturing multiple facets of Barack Obama’s presidential campaign.
• 2010 Craig F. Walker The Denver Post. For his intimate portrait of a teenager who joins the Army at the height of insurgent violence in Iraq, poignantly searching for meaning and manhood.
• 2011 Barbara Davidson Los Angeles Times. For her intimate story of innocent victims trapped in the city’s crossfire of deadly gang violence.
• 2012 Craig F. Walker The Denver Post. For his compassionate chronicle of an honorably discharged veteran, home from Iraq and struggling with a severe case of post-traumatic stress, images that enable viewers to better grasp a national issue.
• 2013 Javier Manzano, free-lance photographer. For his extraordinary picture, distributed by Agence France-Presse, of two Syrian rebel soldiers tensely guarding their position as beams of light stream through bullet holes in a nearby metal wall.

Puedes encontrar mas información en la Web oficial de los Pulitzer.

Desde el 17 de abril de 2006 se otorga un premio Pulitzer a las obras publicadas en la red. La categoría de Servicio Público, la de mayor prestigio, ya ha aceptado material de internet desde 1999. Esta categoría continuará aceptando trabajo por internet, con la inclusión de video, bases de datos y cronologías.

Este año 2013 el premio de fotografía ha sido para Javier Manzano un fotoperiodista y cineasta Mexicano con sede en Estambul, Turquía. Javier emigró a Estados Unidos a la edad de dieciocho años. En gran medida, su trabajo se ha centrado en los muchos asuntos transfronterizos que unen a estas dos naciones en conjunto - como vecinos enemistados, socios vitales y, a veces asociados débiles. Su carrera se inició en la industria de la prensa como fotorreportero y para pasar a dedicarse posteriormente también a la televisión y otros medios electrónicos. Desde 2009 en que cerró el Rocky Mountain News,peri´çodico para el que trabajaba, Javier ha trabajado como fotógrafo freelancecubriendo las guerras en México, Afganistán y Siria.

El premio Pulitzer le ha sido concedido por su fotografía



Two rebel soldiers in Syria guard their position in the Karmel Jabl neighborhood of Aleppo as light streams through more than a dozen holes made by bullets and shrapnel in the tin wall behind them. The dust from more than one hundred days of shelling, bombing and firefights hung in the air. Karmel Jabl is strategically important because of its proximity to the main road that separates several of the main battlegrounds in the city. (Photo taken October 18, 2012)

¡Un buen contraluz siempre funciona!

En el Blog de Chema Aquino, un periodista Español, Licenciado en periodismo de la Universidad de Sevilla, podemos ver todos los Premios Pulitzer de fotografía concedidos desde 1942. ¡No os perdais esta entrada! La resolución de las fotos es pequeña, pero merece la pena verla. De entrada añado el Blog de Chema a mi Blogroll.

Por cierto, me enteré de la existencia de este Blog gracias a Microsiervos